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Trojan Source Attacks

 Genereret Marts 11 2026 09:25 AM

Gammel data? OPDATER !

Scoren er 69/100

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Titel

Trojan Source Attacks

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Beskrivelse

Some vulnerabilities are invisible. Rather than inserting logical bugs, adversaries can attack the encoding of source code files to inject vulnerabilities.

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Overskrifter

H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
8 3 1 23 0 0
  • [H1] Trojan Source
  • [H1] The trick
  • [H1] The attack
  • [H1] The supply chain
  • [H1] The technique
  • [H1] The variant
  • [H1] The defense
  • [H1] The paper
  • [H2] Invisible Source Code Vulnerabilities
  • [H2] Some Vulnerabilities are Invisible
  • [H2] /* if (isAdmin) { begin admins only */ 
  • [H3] These adversarial encodings produce no visual artifacts.
  • [H4] Rather than inserting logical bugs, adversaries can attack the encoding of source code files to inject vulnerabilities.
  • [H4] The trick is to use Unicode control characters to reorder tokens in source code at the encoding level.
  • [H4] These visually reordered tokens can be used to display logic that, while semantically correct, diverges from the logic presented by the logical ordering of source code tokens.
  • [H4] Compilers and interpreters adhere to the logical ordering of source code, not the visual order.
  • [H4] The attack is to use control characters embedded in comments and strings to reorder source code characters in a way that changes its logic.
  • [H4] The previous example, for instance, works by making a comment appear as if it were code:
  • [H4] Adversaries can leverage this deception to commit vulnerabilities into code that will not be seen by human reviewers.
  • [H4] This attack pattern is tracked as CVE-2021-42574.
  • [H4] This attack is particularly powerful within the context of software supply chains.
  • [H4] If an adversary successfully commits targeted vulnerabilities into open source code by deceiving human reviewers, downstream software will likely inherit the vulnerability.
  • [H4] There are multiple techniques that can be used to exploit the visual reordering of source code tokens:
  • [H4] Early Returns cause a function to short circuit by executing a return statement that visually appears to be within a comment.
  • [H4] Commenting-Out causes a comment to visually appear as code, which in turn is not executed.
  • [H4] Stretched Strings cause portions of string literals to visually appear as code, which has the same effect as commenting-out and causes string comparisons to fail.
  • [H4] A similar attack exists which uses homoglyphs, or characters that appear near identical.
  • [H4] The above example defines two distinct functions with near indistinguishable visual differences highlighted for reference.
  • [H4] An attacker can define such homoglyph functions in an upstream package imported into the global namespace of the target, which they then call from the victim code.
  • [H4] This attack variant is tracked as CVE-2021-42694.
  • [H4] Compilers, interpreters, and build pipelines supporting Unicode should throw errors or warnings for unterminated bidirectional control characters in comments or string literals, and for identifiers with mixed-script confusable characters.
  • [H4] Language specifications should formally disallow unterminated bidirectional control characters in comments and string literals.
  • [H4] Code editors and repository frontends should make bidirectional control characters and mixed-script confusable characters perceptible with visual symbols or warnings.
  • [H4] Complete details can be found in the related paper.
  • [H4] If you use the paper or anything on this site in your own work, please cite the following:

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Anker Type Juice
Trojan Source Intern Sender Juice
paper Intern Sender Juice
Nicholas Boucher Ekstern Sender Juice
Paper Kit React Ekstern Sender Juice
SRCF Ekstern Sender Juice

SEO Nøgleord

Nøgleords cloud

source characters code paper visual attack vulnerabilities control trojan tokens

Nøgleords balance

Nøgleord Indhold Titel Nøgleord Beskrivelse Overskrifter
code 14
source 12
characters 9
attack 7
vulnerabilities 6

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